An interval measures the space between two pitches. In Western music, the smallest interval is called a semitone or half step. For instance, if we play a note C and then play a note C#, the interval between them is a semitone. If we play a note C and then a note D, the interval is called a whole step or tone.
How Are Intervals Measured?
Intervals are measured with numerical values, determined by the musical alphabet. For example, the interval formed by the notes C and F is called a 4th interval, regardless of any sharps or flats:
C D E F G A B
Major and Perfect Intervals
In a major scale, there are eight notes. The distance from the root note to various other pitches within the scale consists of major and perfect intervals. Let’s consider the C major scale as an example:
C D E F G A B C
- The interval between the 1st (C) and 2nd (D) degrees of the scale is a major 2nd.
- The interval between the 1st (C) and 3rd (E) degrees is a major 3rd.
A major scale includes two perfect intervals: the perfect 4th and the perfect 5th.
- Major intervals: 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th
- Perfect intervals: 4th, 5th
Understanding intervals is crucial for musicians as it forms the foundation for scales, chords, and harmonic analysis. Intervals not only help in identifying the distance between notes but also in understanding the structure of music more deeply. By mastering intervals, you can enhance your musical skills and become more proficient in playing and composing music.